Part1:The Profession of Faith (26 - 1065)
Section1:"I Believe" — "We Believe" (26 - 184)
Chapter1:Man's Capacity for God (27 - 49)
III. THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOD ACCORDING TO THE CHURCH
36 "Our holy mother, the Church, holds and
teaches that God, the first principle and last end of all things, can
be known with certainty from the created world by the natural light of
human reason." Without this capacity, man would not be able to welcome
God's revelation. Man has this capacity because he is created "in the
image of God".
37 In the historical conditions in which
he finds himself, however, man experiences many difficulties in coming
to know God by the light of reason alone:
Though
human reason is, strictly speaking, truly capable by its own natural
power and light of attaining to a true and certain knowledge of the one
personal God, who watches over and controls the world by his providence,
and of the natural law written in our hearts by the Creator; yet there
are many obstacles which prevent reason from the effective and fruitful
use of this inborn faculty. For the truths that concern the relations
between God and man wholly transcend the visible order of things, and,
if they are translated into human action and influence it, they call for
self-surrender and abnegation. The human mind, in its turn, is hampered
in the attaining of such truths, not only by the impact of the senses
and the imagination, but also by disordered appetites which are the
consequences of original sin. So it happens that men in such matters
easily persuade themselves that what they would not like to be true is
false or at least doubtful.
38 This is why man stands in need of being
enlightened by God's revelation, not only about those things that
exceed his understanding, but also "about those religious and moral
truths which of themselves are not beyond the grasp of human reason, so
that even in the present condition of the human race, they can be known
by all men with ease, with firm certainty and with no admixture of
error".
IV. HOW CAN WE SPEAK ABOUT GOD?
39 In defending the ability of human
reason to know God, the Church is expressing her confidence in the
possibility of speaking about him to all men and with all men, and
therefore of dialogue with other religions, with philosophy and science,
as well as with unbelievers and atheists.
40 Since our knowledge of God is limited,
our language about him is equally so. We can name God only by taking
creatures as our starting point, and in accordance with our limited
human ways of knowing and thinking.
41 All creatures bear a certain
resemblance to God, most especially man, created in the image and
likeness of God. The manifold perfections of creatures — their truth,
their goodness, their beauty all reflect the infinite perfection of God.
Consequently we can name God by taking his creatures" perfections as
our starting point, "for from the greatness and beauty of created things
comes a corresponding perception of their Creator".
42 God transcends all creatures. We must
therefore continually purify our language of everything in it that is
limited, image-bound or imperfect, if we are not to confuse our image of
God — "the inexpressible, the incomprehensible, the invisible, the
ungraspable" — with our human representations. Our human words always
fall short of the mystery of God.
43 Admittedly, in speaking about God like
this, our language is using human modes of expression; nevertheless it
really does attain to God himself, though unable to express him in his
infinite simplicity. Likewise, we must recall that "between Creator and
creature no similitude can be expressed without implying an even greater
dissimilitude"; and that "concerning God, we cannot grasp what he is,
but only what he is not, and how other beings stand in relation to him."
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